Compare Mill And Kants Ethical Theories; Which Makes A Better Societal

Analyze Mill and Kant's moral hypotheses; which improves a cultural request? John Stuart Mill (1808-73) had confidence in a moral hypothesis known as utilitarianism. There are numerous detailing of this hypothesis. One such is, Everybody should act in such an approach to bring the biggest potentially parity of good over shrewdness for everybody included. However, great is a relative term. What is acceptable? Utilitarians differ regarding this matter. Factory made a qualification among satisfaction and sheer arousing joy. He characterizes satisfaction as far as higher request joy (for example social delights, scholarly). In his Utilitarianism (1861), Mill depicted this rule as follows: As per the Greatest Happiness Principle ? A definitive end, end, regarding and for the purpose of which every other thing are alluring (regardless of whether we are thinking about our own great or that of others), is a presence absolved beyond what many would consider possible from torment, and as rich as potential satisfactions. Consequently, in light of this announcement, three thoughts might be distinguished: (1) The integrity of a demonstration might be dictated by the results of that demonstration. (2) Consequences are controlled by the measure of satisfaction or on the other hand misery caused. (3) A great man is one who thinks about the other man's pleasure (or torment) as similarly as his own. Every individual's joy is similarly significant. Factory accepted that a free demonstration isn't a dubious demonstration. It is controlled by the unconstrained decision of the individual playing out the demonstration. Either outer or interior powers urge an unfree demonstration. Plant likewise discovered that each circumstance relies upon how you address the circumstance and that you are just liable for your sentiments and activities. You choose how you feel about what you think you saw. Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) had an intriguing moral framework. It depends on a conviction that the explanation is the last expert for ethical quality. Activities of any kind, he accepted, must be attempted from a feeling of obligation directed by reason, and no activity performed for practicality or exclusively in submission to law or custom can be viewed as good. An ethical demonstration is a demonstration accomplished for the right reasons. Kant would contend that to make a guarantee for an inappropriate explanation isn't good - you should not make the guarantee. You should have an obligation code within you or it won't come through in your activities in any case. Our thinking capacity will consistently permit us to realize what our obligation is. Kant depicted two sorts of basic orders given by reason: the theoretical goal, which directs a given strategy to arrive at a particular end; and the clear cut objective, which directs a game-plan that must be followed due to its rightness and need. The straight out basic is the premise of profound quality and was expressed by Kant in these words: Go about as though the proverb of your activity were to become through your will and general normal law. Therefore, before continuing to act, you should choose what rule you would be following if you somehow managed to act, regardless of whether you are willing for that standard to be trailed by everybody everywhere. On the off chance that you are eager to universalize the demonstration, it must be good; on the off chance that you are not, at that point the demonstration is ethically impermissible. Kant accepted that the government assistance of every individual ought to appropriately be viewed as an end in itself, as expressed in the Formula of the End in Itself: Act so that you generally treat humankind, regardless of whether in your own individual or in the individual of any other, never just as a methods yet consistently simultaneously as an end. Kant accepts that ethical principles are exceptionless. Consequently, it isn't right to slaughter in all circumstances, even those of self-protection. This is conviction originates from the Universal Law hypothesis. Since we could never need murder to become a widespread law, at that point it must be not good in all circumstances. So which of the two hypotheses would improve a cultural request? That is a troublesome inquiry on the grounds that both speculations have issues. For Kant it is portrayed over, his principles are outright. Murdering would never be make all inclusive, in this manner it isn't right in every single circumstance. There are rarely any mitigating conditions, such

Government Inefficiency and Policy Implications of Economic Research Essay

Government Inefficiency and Policy Implications of Economic Research - Essay Example Segments 861(b) and 862(b) state commonly how to decide available salary for a citizen with pay sources inside or without the United States after such source has been resolved. Guideline 1.861-8 gives more data on allotting state and neighborhood expenses to U.S. - and outside source salary (Kozub 2010, p.1). Consequently, we could see the impacts of duties in our nation through, for instance, streets for better embellishment of merchandise originating from homestead to nearby markets and for better transportation; government funded schools to guarantee the training of our youngsters and our children’s kids; and open assets to help and help the residents as far as catastrophes and unanticipated calamities. All things considered, these are acceptable parts of duty in our general public where it guarantees a decent future for us and for the people to come. What appear to be incorrect so to talk presently are the inclination of the legislature and the maltreatment in the utilizat ion of expense. We as a whole realize that the legislature exceptionally relies on its citizen’s backing to make its base work. In the article made by Crane (2010, p.1), she reprimanded and questions the burden of assessment to the degree that everything that individuals do, the legislature will demand charge. It is likewise appeared in her article the inquiry on obscured differentiation between personal duty and property charge wherein the alleged right to jus fruendi or the option to utilize the product of the property is thought to be only a sacred right that is vested upon the residents due to the muddled difference of the property and annual assessment. She utilized the homestead, being a property for instance wherein â€Å"If the estimation of an advantage that one assessor guaranteed had emerged in any one year, maybe when the yields were first collected, could be burdened again in one more year (essentially on the grounds that that first year's base was utilized agai n as the proportion of the expense), and afterward again when the worth was changed into a security, and afterward again when that security was changed into money, what was the distinction between a property charge and a salary tax?† (1). Issues and Problems on charges What I need to raise here as an issue would be the repetition of the expenses that are being forced on the residents. The legislature is presently being misjudged in light of the fact that rather than him mediating in the issues of the individuals, it is currently the individuals interceding in the undertakings of the administration and making benefit out of it. Accordingly, individuals find the administration not as a special situation to serve the individuals, but instead, as a circumstance and a position of pay, utilizing the cash of its residents. Accordingly, overwhelming charges are demanded and different types of it are actualized to acquire salary, having at the top of the priority list that the individu als couldn't avoid it since it is ordered by the law. Also, the embrace of annual expenses didn't unavoidably spill out of monetary powers, but instead was adapted by social and political force and complex authentic procedures (Mehrotra 2010, p.1). History will give us that these sort of duty is a result of the unnecessary use of the legislature in wars that they are locked in to or the decimation caused are in enormous scope. They put the weight to the individuals to reestablish the monetary intensity of the state, accordingly, making the administration to be monetarily solid again in the worldwide field since state and the legislature can scarcely be recognized nor isolated. The administration directs what the individuals ought to do in

Compound Plurals

Compound Plurals Compound Plurals Compound Plurals By Maeve Maddox Most English things structure their plurals by including - s: kid/young men; house/houses. At the point when the thing is intensify, the inquiry some of the time emerges with respect to which word ought to get the plural consummation. As to American utilization, the Chicago Manual of Style suggests that journalists counsel Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary for â€Å"tricky† mixes like dads in-law, courts-military, and gourmet specialists d’oeuvre, including, â€Å"For those not recorded, sound judgment can as a rule give the answer.† I have a great deal of regard for the Chicago Manual of Style, however prescribing presence of mind to decide right utilization appears to be somewhat hopeful. Compound things are of three sorts: open, shut, and hyphenated. Not all specialists concur regarding which will be which or where the plural goes. Open mixes are composed as discrete words: Fantastic Jury Knight Templar post office court military free lunch The chief word in the compound takes the plural: Fantastic Juries Knights Templar post workplaces courts military free snacks Note: According to the OED, court martials is wrong; M-W gives courts military as the primary plural, yet in addition acknowledges court martials. Most shut mixes structure the plural toward the finish of the word: toothbrush/toothbrushes hair style/hair styles grasshopper/grasshoppers board/chalkboards room/rooms Be that as it may, bystander/bystanders Like open mixes, hyphenated compound things pluralize the head wordif there is one. The chief word will be a thing. A few mixes have more than one thing; others have none. At the point when the compound has two things, sound judgment should reveal to you which one is the chief word. relative/relatives warship/men-of-war carousel/carousels (no chief word) disregard me-not/overlook me-nots (no chief word) substitute/substitutes (no chief word) A few mixes are hyphenated in the Oxford English Dictionary and composed as single word in Merriam-Webster: set-back (OED) mishap (M-W) drop-out (OED) dropout (M-W) hold-up (OED) robbery (M-W) stepsister (OED) relative (M-W) A few speakers experience difficulty with things that end in - ful, astounding, for instance, among cupfuls and cupsful. This is a case where good judgment ought to most likely exhort against counseling M-W. In spite of the fact that the M-W sections for cupful, bunch, and armful rundown the plurals cupfuls, bunches, and armfuls first, they give cupsful, handsful, and armsful as elective spellings. What's more, the spelling handfull is in there as a â€Å"also.† My American spellchecker doesn't face any of these other options. Cupsful doesn’t cut it since compound things are comprised of at least two words that can be utilized all alone. For instance, the words in the compound cop can be utilized independently: â€Å"The man required the police.† The component ful in cupful isn't a word; it’s an addition. Sound judgment reveals to me that cupsful is off base. Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin accepting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Grammar class, check our mainstream posts, or pick a related post below:12 Greek Words You Should KnowHomonyms, Homophones, Homographs and HeteronymsI wish I were...

Research Paper Introduction about Abortion

Research Paper Introduction about Abortion The attitude towards abortion has always been and still is very controversial. It has, however, changed throughout the history of humanity: for example, it was commonly accepted in the times of Ancient Greece and Rome. On the other hand, the majority of men were against abortion as they felt they were entitled to have a baby. There are a few references to abortion in an Old Testament, where a fetus was perceived rather than an object, not a living being. In other words, there was a law, that if a person causes a miscarriage, he must be punished for that. There are no references to this topic in the New Testament. Later on, abortion in the western world was not considered a crime if done before a certain period, usually before 18-20 weeks. It was a common practice in the colonial America, but was usually kept in secret, as sexual activity before marriage was disapproved by the society. The Abortion Act of 1967 in England fully legalized abortion, but under certain conditions. It s tates that a doctor has the right to perform an abortion if other two doctors agree that this is done for the sake of the woman. For example, doctors are sure that giving birth to a child will cause physical or mental harm to a woman. Still, there are lots of debates concerning whether abortion should be legalized or not. The cons of abortion usually include the following facts: Abortion is a crime. Even if it is a fetus, it is still a process of killing someone who deserves to live. Abortion can often lead to serious complications, injury to the uterus or cervix if done by unskilled doctor, or serious infection. Some of the factors, including the above mentioned complications, can lead to a risk of not being able to become pregnant again. It is a stressful and unpleasant experience, and a person can feel depressed and guilty for the rest of the life. On the other hand, there are facts that prove that abortion is legal and should be done in certain cases: Only a woman who is pregnant has a right to decide whether to do abortion or to keep a baby, provided she is of sound mind. Neither doctors, nor anti-abortion activists will have to take care of a baby, but it is a woman who has to decide whether she is capable and ready for that. The current stage of the medicine development enables doctors to detect any possible problems that a woman can have while giving a birth to a child. So, if doctors are sure that giving a birth to a child can be dangerous for a woman, they may convince her to make an abortion. The similar situation is with a baby. If doctors diagnose that a baby is very likely to have a disease after birth, a woman has to decide whether to make an abortion or to give a birth to a child, who can later on suffer for the rest of its life. If a woman got pregnant after a rape, then having an abortion is a way to get rid both of an unwanted baby and the psychological trauma after such a dire experience. There will probably never be a clear answer to whether abortion should be legal or not, whether it is morally right, or if it is the biggest crime a person can commit. Anyway, people have to deal with someone elses life, one of the most valuable things a person can have, so it is necessary to think carefully and consider every detail. Tips on Writing a Research Paper Introduction on a Controversial Topic: To write a good introduction for abortion research paper, you have to provide the readers with clues to what the paper is going to be about. Stay close to the point and keep the introduction short. As your topic is controversial, make it clear what position you take on the matter. Make sure that you conclusion and introduction coincide. Re-read the introduction and conclusion and compare them. Also you can hire a research paper writer to have a custom paper on abortion topic written from scratch. Just visit our site and fill in the order form!

Definition and Examples of Hypocoristic Names

A hypocorism is a  pet name, nickname,  or term of endearment — often a shortened form of a word or name. Adjective: hypocoristic. It derives from the Greek word meaning to use child-talk. Robert Kennedy notes that many hypocorisms are ​monosyllabic or disyllabic, with the second syllable bearing no stress (The Oxford Handbook of the Word, 2015). Examples and Observations Mikey, Mikey, come on. Our parents are worried. Its dinnertime. Why dont we go home?(Chunk to his friend Michael Mikey Walsh in The Goonies, 1985)Oh, Slothy. I may have been bad. I may have kept you chained up in that room, but it was for your own good.(Mama Fratelli to her son Lotney Sloth Fratelli in The Goonies, 1985)If you call your granddaughter Toots, you are being hypocoristic.(Roy Blount, Jr., Alphabet Juice. Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008)Now, children, I want you to tell me your names again, and I want you to speak just as distinctly as Mary Chapman did. And I want you to speak your real names. You must not say your baby-names, such as Jimmie, for James; Lizzie, for Elizabeth; Johnny, for John. The first row, stand!(Teacher in The National Music Teacher by Luther Whiting Mason, 1894)Born a slave on March 15, 1843, on the Gray plantation in Noxubee County, Mississippi, the infant was given a slave name, Richard Gray. Around the plantation, though, the overseers called him D ick, short for Richard.(Juan Williams and Quinton Dixie, This Far by Faith: Stories from the African American Religious Experience. William Morrow, 2003)Kitsy, she encourages, like shes trying to teach a parakeet to ask for a cracker. Its short for Katherine Isabelle. My grandmother is Itsy, short for Isabelle, my mother is Bitsy, short for Elizabeth Isabelle, and my daughter is Mitsy, short for Madeleine Isabelle. Isnt that just adorable?(Wade Rouse, Confessions of a Prep School Mommy Handler: A Memoir. Harmony Books, 2007) Hypocoristic Forms of First Names in the Modern English Period Most first names of any currency had recognized hypocoristic forms. Some names attracted only one or two main forms; others had several; and there was scope for a fair degree of free inventiveness. In the first category, and all dating from the 17th and 18th centuries, were: Di (Diana); Frank and Fanny (Frances); Jim (James); Joe (Joseph); Nell (Helen); and Tony (Anthony). Other names attracted a larger number of hypocoristic forms, mainly because they were commoner names . . .. Examples are Aggie, Nessa, Nesta (Scots) and Nest (Welsh) for Agnes; Doll, Dora, Dodee, Dot and Dolly (modern) for Dorothy or Dorothea; Mey, Peg, Maggie (Scots), Margery, Maisie, May and Madge for Margaret; and above all the many names deriving from Elizabeth. These include Bess, Bessie, Beth, Betsy, Eliza, Elsie, Lisa (modern), Lizbeth, Lizbie, Tetty, and Tissy. It will be noted that all of these are girls names, and they seem to have been far more prone to hypocoristic formations in the post-medieval period than boys names. Some hypocoristic forms became independent names, like Elsie, Fanny and Margery. (Stephen Wilson, The Means of Naming: A Social and Cultural History of Personal Naming in Western Europe. UCL Press, 1998) Hypocoristics in Australian English The use of hypocoristics for common nouns and proper nouns is a notable feature of the speech of many Australians. Occasionally there are pairs. Sometimes one form, usually an /i/ form, is seen as babytalk: [Roswitha] Dabke (1976) notes goody/goodoh, kiddy/kiddo, and compare jarmies-PJs/pyjamas, and kanga (babytalk)-roo/kangaroo. However, sometimes different hypocoristics have different denotations, with the /o/ form more likely to denote a person: herp reptile, herpo herpetologist; chockie chocolate, chocko chocolate soldier (Army reserve); sickie sick leave, sicko psychologically sick person; plazzo plastic nappy, plakky plastic (adjective). But often there are no clear differences: milky-milko/milkman, commy-commo/communist, weirdy-weirdo/weird person, garbie-garbo/garbage collector, kindie-kinder/kindergarten; bottlie-bottlo/bottle merchant, sammie-sandie-sangie-sanger-sambo/sandwich, preggie-preggo-preggers/pregnant, Proddo-Proddy/Protestant, pro-prozzo-prostie-prozzie/prostitute. Speakers who use more than one hypocoristic may assign to them the meanings proposed by [Anna] Wierzbicka. But i f a speaker uses only one of the possible hypocoristics, for them the hypocoristic may have a general meaning of informality, and not the proposed fine-grained differences. This remains to be explored. (Jane Simpson, Hypocoristics in Australian English. A Handbook of Varieties of English: A Multimedia Reference Tool, ed. by Bernd Kortmann et al. Mouton de Gruyter, 2004)

“Does It Dry Up Like A Raisin In The Sun” Asked Langston

â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun?† asked Langston Hughes. Lorraine Hansberry wrote A Raisin in the Sun inspired by Langton Hughes poem â€Å"Harlem†. A Raisin in the Sun captures the life of a black family who wants the American dream. The Younger family resided on the south side of Chicago, struggling in poverty, trying to maintain their pride, while dreaming to live better. Father’s $10,000 insurance check will help them reach that dream. As the plot of the play unfolds gender roles is a theme that help tells the story of the Younger family reaching their dream. This play shows how responsibilities, jobs, and actions are already pre-designed for men and women in a family. In a family, everyone has a responsibility, in order for a†¦show more content†¦This shows that we are still humans and can sometimes fall by the waist side and have to be reminded of responsibilities. Women have just as many responsibilities as men, which are sometimes overlooked and thought of as nothing. Women are known to be domestic women, especially during the 1950’s. Women are supposed to make the man/head of the family job easier in any way. There were three women in the Younger family, Ruth Younger, Walter’s wife, who is responsible for the Younger’s apartment. She loves her husband, God, and cherishes her morals. She does her best to make sure her family is taken care of. Then there is Beneatha Younger, Walter’s sister. Beneatha is the eccentric one, one who wants to break the stereotype of what women should do and become educated. Beneatha’s mind is far from being a domestic wife. Joseph Asagai, who courts the attention of Beneatha recognizes her desire for knowledge and nicknames her, â€Å"Alaiyo† or â€Å"One for whom bread- food- is not enough.† All of her knowledge causes her to criticize God, which is a big no, she tells her mother, â€Å"Mama, you don t understand. It s all a matter of ideas, and God is just one idea I don t accept. It s not important. I am not going out and be immoral or commit crimes because I don t believe in God. I don t even think about it. It s just that I get tired of Him getting credit for all the things the human race achieves through its own stubborn effort.Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Dreams In Harlem By Langston Hughes870 Words   |  4 Pagesthe poem â€Å"Harlem,† Langston Hughes, through literary technique, raises strong themes through a short amount of language Hughes is asking what happens to a dream that is being put off. What do these dreams do, do they do good, do they do bad, or do they do neither good nor bad? He continues by stating this simile: â€Å"Does it dry up like a raisin in the sun? Using this simile, he is stating that dreaming can be good or bad. A raisin is a grape that has been dehydrated by the sun. Hughes is conveyingRead MoreMontage Of A Dream Deferred By Langston Hughes946 Words   |  4 Pages Many of the poems within â€Å"Montage of a Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes contain great meaning as well as emotion embedded within them. Whether they are 3 lines or 20 lines long, vivid images and explanations follow. The main focus of the series of poems are centralized on African Americans living in Harlem in the 20’s and on and their opposition from the rest. The motif in nearly all poems express discrimination, daily activities, and African American’s struggle for equality. Out of all poemsRead MoreAfrican American Poems : The Poetry Of Langston Hughes934 Words   |  4 PagesLangston Hughes was one of the African Americans, who embraced and uplift his own culture during the Harlem Renaissance (New Negro Movement). As an African American female, Hughes is my favorite poet because his poems talk about what was happening then. They were issues that needed to be addressed and not hidden. I decided to visualize myself as Langston Hughes, and asked if I was him, what reason would I have to write these poems? What am I trying to tell my audience? The reason is simple. My answerRead MoreA Brief Look at Langston Hughes1413 Words   |  6 PagesLangston Hughes Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go throughRead MorePoetry for a Generation1184 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen on the blacklist all our lives. Censorship for us begins at the color line† (AfricanAmericanQuotes). Langston Hughes was an African American poet who made poetry that reflected what he witnessed in the urban communities throughout his life. Langston Hughes’ poetry spoke the words, feelings, and hardships that African Americans had to live with on a day to day basis. Though bi-racial, Langston Hughes knew very clearly what was hard for the typical African American, what was emotional unsettlingRead MoreDreams in Langston Hughes Poems1401 Words   |  6 Pages Langston Hughes’ challenging background, ethnicity, and era of life can all be thought of reasons as to why his style of writing relates among discrimination and unsettling topics. Although his writing can be said to bring hope to the African Americans, his style can be frightening and daunting when taken the time to read his pieces. They may not seem real, but they are his way of interpreting and informing the future of what African Americans, like himself, had to go through and what they hadRead MoreA Start For The End. My Personal Response To The Langston1066 Words   |  5 PagesA Start for the End My personal response to the Langston Hughes poems is very inspiring. Langston Hughes writes about the struggles of the working minority, people that are suffering from unfair labor and discrimination. His impact is so real and positive that it is almost impossible to have no response. He poured his life into these poems and that is clearly noticeable. Hughes’s poems were a start for the end. Hughes’s first poem is â€Å"Open Letter to the South†. He starts off with saying â€Å"White workersRead MoreA Raisin in the Sun - Paper 22144 Words   |  9 PagesA Raisin in the Sun â€Å"A Raisin in the Sun† by Lorraine Hansberry is a play centered around an African-American family on the Southside of Chicago set after World War II. This groundbreaking play was the first of its kind revolving around the race relations of the middle of the twentieth century. This play has won over many hearts and minds with its intense drama and relevant storyline. This play’s title is off the poem â€Å"Dream Deferred† by Langston Hughes, where Mr. Hughes contemplates on what happensRead MoreEssay about August Wilsons Rose: Surviving the Love and Deception1088 Words   |  5 Pagesshe decides to raise Raynell and by becoming involved in the church. Rose first marries Troy because she knew he would provide for her and the children they would have someday. Rose is determined to make her marriage work, even if it means giving up a little bit of herself in the process. She was certain she would be able to make Troy happy. The fact that Troy is older and confident is an important factor. Troy provides the stability that she needs. Rose was willing to be submissive as longRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Dream By Langston Hughes1909 Words   |  8 Pagessecond poem, Harlem is about the possibilities of what could happen when we postpone our dreams. Both poems do not exactly end with a happy ending, for they show the regret that we will be left with, possibly even death. The poem Dream by Langston Hughes is about following your dreams, because we never know what our near future can become if we do not attempt to accomplish our visions in life. One way to define the word dreams is to refer to them as a reflection of our possibilities that

Client Overview free essay sample

Code of Ethics: carry out the work to the highest levels of standards and act in a professional manner remain loyal and faithful to the client act in the best interests of the client protect confidential and private information Client Promotion Overview Rag Bone is a rapidly growing retail company, which made-in-America clothes combine innovative denim and twill with hometown heritage. They recently opened new stores in New York, Boston, Washington, D. C. , and Tokyo. However, Rag Bone plans to keep expending internationally and outlines the idea of opening a new store in London later in 2012. Originally, Rag Bone was formed by Brit transplants Marcus Wainwright and David Neville in 2002 in New York. Two men couldn’t seem to find a decent pair of jeans and had to teach themselves the craft while visiting the now-closed Kentucky Apparel in Kentucky—the factory that produced their first jeans line. We will write a custom essay sample on Client Overview or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rag Bone’s menswear launched on the runways first and the women’s a few seasons later. Today, with Wainwright as the designer and Neville handling the business end of things, the brand has grown to include children’s clothes, accessories, and shoes. Considering the grand opening of their first store in Europe, Rag Bone plans to celebrate it by throwing an event that will help to raise brand awareness and increase their sales. The event will feature latest ready-to-wear collection by Rag Bone, newly discovered UK musicians, and artists who will participate into store decoration process. The event will be themed by their latest

Merchant Of Venice Shylock The Antagonist Essays - Orientalism

Merchant Of Venice: Shylock the Antagonist? In The Merchant of Venice, by William Shakespeare, there appears Shylock. He is a Jew, that much we are told in the cast list. But, as the play unfolds Shylock is seen to be the villian. He is protrayed as being cold, unbending, and evil. But is he? Is Shylock really the antagonist in this play or can he also be viewed as persecuted individual who resorts to revenge only after he has been pushed too far. To fully understand the character of Shylock we must first look at Elizabeathen attitudes towards Jews. In the sixteenth century Jews were rarely if ever seen in England. In the Middle Ages Jews had fled to England to escape persecution in France under the Normans. They were granted charter in England by Henry I in return for a percentage of their profits from trade and moneylending. It is here that the stereotype of Jews lending money was started. Because of the tariffs placed on them by the crown Jews took to charging high interest rates to secure profits for themselves. Here we see echos of Shylock with his usury. Finally the Jews were ordered out of England in 1254 by Edward I. They did not return to England until the later half of the seventeenth century. (Lippman 3-4) Jews were also viewed as devils by Elizabeathan audiences. Old stories portrayed them as "blood- thirsty murders" that poisoned wells and killed Christian children for their bizarre Passover ritu! als. (Stirling 2:1) These were the stereotypes which Shakespeare's audience held in regard to Jews. Shakespeare himself had never seen a Jew but he goes to great lengths to humanize Shylock even while perpetuating the stereotype. In Act 1:3, before Shylock ever says a word to Antonio, he lets the audience know in an aside that he hates Antonio. He hates him for having hindered him in business and for having humiliated him in public by spitting on him and calling him names such as "dog" and "cutthroat Jew". Shylock tells the audience he hopes to exact revenge on Antonio both for his own humiliation and for the persecution that the Jews have long suffered at the hands of the Christians. I hate him for he is a Christian;. . . If I can catch him once upon the hip, I will feed fat the ancient grudge I bear him.He hates our sacred nation . . . Curs?d be my tribe if I forgive him (I,iii,40-49) Shylock then tells Antonio that he wants to be friends with him and will conclude the bond for a pound of flesh as a "merry sport." In the second act, however, he still seems to bear a deep grudge against the Christians, for he tells Jessica that he is going in hate and not in friendship to dine with them. "But yet I'll go in hate to feed upon the prodigal Christian. . . .I am right loath to go." (II,v,14-16) After Jessica's elopment, Shylock suspects Bassanio and Antonio of abetting her escape, and this suspicion increases Shylock's animosity toward Antonio. We learn later in the play that Antonio has personally rescued a number of debtors from Shylock's bonds when Antonio says "I oft delievered from his forfeitures; Many that have made moan to me." (III,iii,23-24) We also discover that Shylock cannot or will not explain his reasons for demanding Antonio's flesh. "But say it is my humor," is all the reason he is able to show. The sum of Shylock's motives for hatred is gi! ven in the rarely quoted lines b efore the famous "Hath not a Jew eyes": "He hath disgraced me, and hind'red me half a million; laughed at my losses, mocked at my gains, thwarted my bargains, cooled my friends, heated mine enemies_and what's his reason? I am a Jew." (III,i,49-54) (Lippman 2) Shylock himself is an alien in a society geared towards Christians. His clothes, customs and race make him an object of scorn in Venetian society. We as a modern audience are bound to feel some sympathy for him. When Jessica runs away from home we realized that Shylock's most trusted prop has failed him, he placed absolute confidence in his daughter with his house and wealth. The fact that he cries out for his ducats as well as his daughter should not obscure the sense of keen personal loss he feels. " I say my daughter is my own flesh and blood." (III,i,34) We also see this when Tubal tells Shylock that Jessica has traded one of his rings for a monkey. Shylock's lamentation for his

Are You Ignoring Trends That Could Shake up Your Business

Are You Ignoring Trends That Could Shake up Your Business In this article, the writers focus on the changes that have been brought about by the emergence of digital technology. Principally, the authors articulate that marketing trends are an important part of marketing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Are You Ignoring Trends That Could Shake up Your Business? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This, they say, is majorly based on the fact that they determine the best strategies for the marketers to take, and the returns that the marketers expect from their investments in marketing. For this reason, it is important for the people in the marketing section to know where the world is coming from and where it is going. In addition, they have to understand the basics of transparency, cost efficacy, good services, and staying at par with the current trends of marketing and sale of various products as well as services. Even more importantly, the authors articulate that most companies are appreciating the role played by the social media networking tools and they have either implemented marketing through the social media or are in the process of implementing. According to them, the social media networking also serves the non-profit organizations by engaging the public and general awareness of the activities of these organizations. Another important trend in the market is the need to aesthetically appeal to the public through products and services. If organizations are to progress; the authors recommend that companies should implement these new trends.Advertising Looking for essay on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Essentially, the paper serves to educate marketers in any given industry. In other words, every organization, both for profit and not for profit, has to make a decision on allocating the business budget to maximize returns and minimize risks and in order to do this, great consideration has to be made on the fitting marketing trends to use. This is very crucial since the world of business is highly dynamic thus necessitating the need to find apt ways of predicting and successfully operating various businesses. To support the importance of marketing trends, the authors provide many cases including global companies like Nokia which, reportedly, uses social media like Facebook and Twitter in marketing its products and services. Other cases like the one of Poppy Line of handbags, given by these authors, also provide a fitting example for the relevance of market trending. In summary, the authors state that the market is on the move always requiring that marketers both in the commercial sector and the not for profit sector to be quite informed of how analyze the trends. The opportunities that exist in the market are for those who learn very fast and act on the lesson that has been learned in making the difference. However, with these opportunities, o ne has to be cautious since they also have their own threats and wrong choices can be quite costly on the side of the organization.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Are You Ignoring Trends That Could Shake up Your Business? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As an advice to the readers, especially marketers who are the main targets of the articles, the authors say that the best thing for marketers to do is to test the major trends before they can commit their resources. Some strategies may work for some organizations and fail to work in others. Before committing to marketing through social media for instance, organizations have to understand on what attracts in their business. This is because there is a likelihood of only their customers responding to their offers as opposed to total strangers, because they already know the company and trust it based on their previous transactions with it.

Media Ethics Case Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Media Ethics Case - Research Proposal Example Journalists are pillars of our society and they need to be ethically correct in discharging their duty to disseminate correct information to the public at large. Violation of academic trust through plagiarism, cheating, falsifying information or aiding and abetting in any of the nefarious activities are now serious offences and they are considered as totally unacceptable conduct in all areas of work, including journalism. Hence their professional honesty is crucial in promoting correct facts and interpretation on issues and topics that are socially, economically and politically relevant. During the Second Lebanon War between Hezbollah military and Israel forces, there was widespread damage to civilian infrastructure, including to the main airport of Beirut. War causalities also included killing of innocent civilians. The media had lapped up the war that had generated mass reaction all through the world. The photos of freelance Lebanese photo-journalist had generated mass hysteria against the Israel attacks which had damaged civilian places and displaced millions of the people from their home. Reuter later admitted that these photos were digitally altered (BBCNews, 2006). Altering the photographs digitally for vested interests was ethically wrong. The journalists are supposed to present the real situation to the people so the people can correlate with the event and accordingly propose a course of actions. In this case, the digitally altered photographs were meant to show gruesome and grotesque footage of war torn area and people and incite Muslims for the acts of terrorism and indirectly garner support for Hezbollah militants in their war against the Israelis. The actions of the Lebanese photo-journalist will have long term implications not only for the said journalist but the whole cadre of the journalist would become the target for vested interest and

Financial Analysis for Managers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Financial Analysis for Managers - Essay Example The WACC takes into consideration the relative weights of each element of the capital structure and presents the predicted cost of new capital for an organization. In this way the WACC is important for any firm or organization operating as it not only helps them identify the minimum returns they need to earn but also helps them maintain a constant stock price. The WACC also provides greater accuracy and stabilizes fluctuations (Robert Libby, Patricia Libby, 2005). The WACC is also an important decision variable in investment appraisal and capital budgeting. Every company or firm wants to increase its wealth and earn profits hence it invests wherever it sees an opportunity. To find the profits that would be earned in the future through the investment at present WACC is a very effective tool. WACC helps a firm take on greater range of projects, because with a lower WACC, more projects will have a positive NPV plus it provides greater firm value, and therefore, greater Stock Price, beca use you discount cash flows by a smaller number. Capital expenditures are the allotment of resources to huge, long-term projects. The capital budget is a declaration of the intended capital expenditures. It is far more than a straightforward listing, and is not the "budget" in the common sense. Provided the nature of capital expenditures, the capital budget is thought of as a declaration of the goals and strategy of the firm. Formation of the capital budget is an essential assignment that affects and is affected by all other areas of decision-making in a firm. Current and future business situations are the opportunities and constraints through which the goals of the firm are formulated. The goals force the strategic decisions of capital budget and financing but likelihood and uniformity with the mutually dependent financing and capital budget decisions must be measured in situating the goals. For projects that are similar to the normal operations of the firm and have a similar risk profile the opportunity cost can be estimated by the firm's weighted average cost of capital (WACC) (Paul D. Kimmel, Jerry J. Weygandt, Donald E. Kieso. 2006). The WACC is the rate of return that just meets investor expectations, leaving the worth of the shares of the firm unaffected. WACC is computed by initially approximating the rate of return compulsory to meet the obligations for each basis of capital. These obligatory rates are then weighted according to the objective capital structure of the firm to attain the in general rate of return required to meet the mutual obligations. This is the return that could be achieved by reinvesting the finances within the company. What are the risks and uncertainty related to capital budgeting There are plenty of risks and uncertainty associated with capital budgeting, Capital budgeting involves a lot of analyzing and studying because a wrong decision can be fatal for a firm. Mostly projects that have a positive NPV are selected to be undertaken. Capital Budgeting involves the risk of losing the invested money. As capital budgeting involves future investing decisions hence constraints such as

Human Resource Learning Team Weekly Reflection Essay

Human Resource Learning Team Weekly Reflection - Essay Example The job analysis is done to identify the minimum requirements in terms of qualifications tat a worker needs to possess. This is done by a panel of experts meeting to set a required standard for the job. The experts meet and decide that a specific job requires a minimum set of requirements. The experts then set the job specifications before calling for applications for the job at hand. After the experts have set the specifications, they then analyze the job to distinguish between the required and desirable specifications for the job. The required job specifications refer to the characteristics of the job that are inflexible, meaning that the applicants must possess these characteristics. Conversely, the desirable job specifications refer to the characteristics of the applicant that put them a step above the rest, which are not mandatory but preferred. Once the job analysis is completed, they are then summarized in form of a job description, which provides the type of job to be done, t he qualifications needed from the applicant and the tasks that the worker is required to accomplish. As already stated, a job description is a description of the major job functions that an employee is supposed to undertake when working for a firm. A job description is used by management for several functions, the first function being to outline the tasks that an employee is supposed to perform (Managing Human Resources). This function is important since it informs an employee of the work expected to be done, which indicates whether an employee is qualified for the work. The second function of a job description is to describe the knowledge and critical skills that an employee is supposed to have in order to qualify for the job. As already stated, the requirements for a job are divided into two parts, the desirable and required job skills (Managing Human Resources). The job description

Mrs. Hayashis Creative Outlet Essay -- Seventeen Syllables Hisaye Yom

Mrs. Hayashi’s Creative Outlet Women who assume the traditional role of staying at home to care for their children and their household responsibilities often need a creative outlet to express themselves, their ideas, or just to get away from monotony they experience in the day after day domestic routine. Many women find various forms of art a fulfilling way to satisfy their need for personal expression. Similarly, in the short story â€Å"Seventeen Syllables† by Hisaye Yomamoto, the â€Å"stay-at-home-mom†, Tome Hayashi, discovers that she possesses a talent for writing haikus and finds it very fulfilling, as she is able to express herself well through the mere seventeen syllables contained in a haiku. Mrs. Hayashi’s passion for writing haikus appears to be present because she simply enjoys it; however, writing becomes the only way she is able to express herself. Unfortunately, numerous barriers placed in front of her eventually leads to the smothering of her creative ambition. One of the major barriers that Mrs. Hayashi encounters is the difficulty of communicating with her daughter. As she begins writing haikus more frequently, she wishes to have someone to share them with, but neither Rosie nor Mr. Hayashi seems interested. Rosie is unable to appreciate her mother’s haikus because her mother writes in her native Japanese language, and Rosie does not speak it fluently, nor does she wish to. In his review of â€Å"Seventeen Syllables† in the book Masterplots II, Yasuko Akiyama insightfully notes that â€Å"Mrs. Hayashi’s English is no better than Rosie’s Japanese†, thus creating a large communication barrier Rosie did not want her mother to know concerning the â€Å"quality and quantity of Japanese she had learned in all the years now that sh... ...self, [†¦] she [was] smothered† (Mistri 201). The barriers placed in the way of the pursuance of her dreams seemed too large for her to overcome because her husband could not let go of his simple-mindedness and her daughter could not bridge the communication gap present between them. She was forced back into her tragically traditional role as a submissive, passive, and unhappy wife and mother. This depiction of a divided family offers no solution of how to overcome similar struggles women may face even in today’s society. However, women must continue to explore ways to express their creativity uniquely and individually, as Tome Hayashi did, and not allow men to frown upon it and dictate what their role as women should be. Our world would be filled with much more creative artwork if more women like Tome Hayashi were given the opportunity to freely express themselves.

Essay on Multinational Companies Essay

Multinational companies are giant firms with their origin in one country, but their operations extending beyond the boundaries of that nation. For reasons of marketing, financial and technological superiority, these multinationals are generally considered as a sine qua non of the modernisation of an economy. They have been responsible for the rapid economic liberalisation in India in 1991, the question of the entry of multinational corporations (MNCs) has assumed significance. Multinationals corporations, mostly from the United States, Japan and other industrialised nations of the world, have en ­tered our life in a big way. Foreign investment proposals and commercial alliance have been signed on an unprecedented scale, thus giving rise to the controversy whether these multinational corporations are our saviours or saboteurs. This is so because of the vital difference between the economies of developed and developing nations. This requires that the entry of multinational corporations in India be examined from this angle. According to A.K. Cairn cross, â€Å"It is not possible to buy development so cheaply. The provision of foreign capital may yield a more adequate infrastructure, but rarely by itself generates rapid development unless there are already large investment opportunities going a begging That is why the intervention of multinational corporations is imperative in the context of the economic growth and modernisation of developing economies where ample investment avenues lie open and yet due to lack of capital and technical know-how, these potentials remain unexploited. Multinational corporations help in reorganising the economic infrastructure in collaboration with the domestic sector through financial and technical help. If we consider the case of our country immediately after Independence, ours was an agrarian economy with a weak industrial base and low level of savings. â€Å"Though the public sector was supposed to cure these ills, with problems like paucity of funds, lack of technical know-how and other amenities, it seemed an impossible proposition. Hence, the help of multinational corporation was sought in terms of fi ­nance and technology. As a consequence of the public sector multinational corporation nexus, from a miniature one, the Indian industrial economy assumed colossal dimensions and India is considered one of the most industrialised nations of the world today. However, there is another school of thought, which de ­nounces multinationals as an extension of imperialist power and potency source of exploitation of the Least Developed Countries (LDCs) by the developed economies of the world. According to them, MNCs are an expensive bargain for a developing economy from the foreign exchange point of view. These days when developing countries are struggling with massive foreign debts and their development plans are held up due â€Å"to paucity of funds† .this may be considered a serious drawback. Second, multinationals evade paying taxes in most countries by concealing profits. Government agencies entrusted with the task of collecting the taxes and scrutinising their accounts are often bluffed by them as they do not know enough about the industries they are asked to deal with. Third, multinationals often provide inappropriate technol ­ogy to the developing nations. The technology provided by them is very often too sophisticated to adopt or too absolute by international standards. Further, transfer to technology in accordance with resource endowment of LDCs involves high cost and this may prevent MNCs from transferring appropriate technology to these countries. Fourth, some of the evils of the multinationals emanate out of their  oligopolistic character. Collision is the main determinant of its price policy, which ensures profit at the cost of high level of consumption at a lower price. Even the impact of high productivity brought about by them through the technology-cal advancement is not conducive to the working class because of pre-determined level of profit under oligopolistic criterion. Fifth, concentration of economic power is the main charge against MNCs.This economic power is often used to distort national politics and international relations by multinationals. These enterprises build up a power entity of their own. They never hesitate in exploiting the social and political weakness and economic backwardness of the LDCs to their own benefit. A multinational corporation is neither a saviour as its pro ­tagonists claim, nor a saboteur as its detractors make it out to be. It is a mix of virtues and vices, boons and banes. Charges levelled against multinationals are serious, yet it also remains a fact that, despite all these disastrous consequences of their working, multinationals have emerged as the most dominant institutions of the late twentieth century. As such, third world countries in general, and India, in particular, will have to deal with multinationals despite their ugly designs. The Government must, therefore, have an optimally bal ­anced policy towards MNCs after weighting the various pros and cons of the issue. It would not go for foreign collaboration in areas where adequate Indian skills and capital are available. Whenever the need for foreign collaboration is felt in areas of high priority, emphasis should be on purchasing outright technical know-how, technological skills and machinery. But only if this is not possible, should MNCs be allowed to operate in India? Once these safeguards are taken, multinational corpora ­tions will give an uplift to national economy by bringing in quality goods and services to the country. They will reward enterprise and talent; the inefficient would, of course, have no place in the new scheme of things. Hence, the hue and cry by interested party, who, dub MNCs as saboteurs. Multinational corporations will demand efficiency, punctuality and dedication things which are deadly lacking in national life today. They will demand a certain work culture from the employees as well as the employers besides offering the best of goods and services to their clientele. They should, therefore, be viewed as saviours of national economy rather than saboteurs because we have seen where our previous policies, have landed us right at the bottom of the list of industrialised nations. The economy has steadily picked up since the liberalisation measures were introduced. This must ‘continue if we are to emerge as a global economic power in the next century. And multinational corporations are the only answer.

The Representation of Family in Nineteenth Century English...

The Representation of Family in Nineteenth Century English Art 19th century art gives us a great insight into Victorian society and culture, its hopes, fears, likes, dislikes, its ambitions and failures and its preconceptions and contradictions (The Victorian Web, 2003) . Each picture tells a story and provides us with a great record of Victorian culture and the thoughts and pre-occupations of people throughout the 19th century. The home and the family became the centre of 19th century life and the family was the most common of all Victorian paintings. Domestic ideology became the dominant ideology and the family was seen as a sign of order; it was perceived as the foundation of social stability†¦show more content†¦Men were not seen as being above the women but rather the women was seen as being different, though her differences were very valuable as they complemented male attributes. â€Å"The patriarchal conjugal family, man and wife each acting within their proper sphere, and the containment of sexuality within legal matrimon y, became the keystones of social stability and moral progress† (J Howarth, Gender, domesticity, and sexual politics, class handout). A woman was expected to look after the home, the children and prepare for the home coming of her husband. The husband would have had a long hard day at work in either a factory or laboring and the woman was there to make his life easy when he arrived back. A good example of this discourse can be easily seen in the painting Preparing Tea by Jane Maria Bowkett. This painting clearly shows a mother and her two daughters busily preparing tea in anticipation for her husband and their fathers arrival back from work. The little girls are helping their mom by preparing toast and bringing in their fathers slippers. The mother is setting the table, preparing the tea and eagerly glancing out the window at the train seen to be approaching. The room is cosy, with a fireplace being at the centre of the room, the cat is sitting contently in front of the fire. The home looks like an upper working class to middle class home due to theShow MoreRelatedRealism and the Humanities 1718 Words   |  7 Pagesimpacted many different areas in literature and the arts, and spanned many countries and centuries, affecting and changing how these things were, and are still, viewed by the people. 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If one would look up the definition for English literature, the best descriptive information would be that it’s impression and format is over one hundred years old, and continues to be one of the most common studied forms of art, as far as written, studied in high schools and universities around the world. English literature is basically the study of literature that has been written in the English language. This form of literature expandsRead MoreThe Concept Of Separate Spheres Essay1408 Words   |  6 Pagesmen and women, and public and private are defined clearly. To understand how using the concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ is useful, it is important to understand what it refers to. The concept of ‘Separate Spheres’ can be seen clearly in artistic representations of women and men from the period, for example in George Elgar Hick’s collection of three paintings called ‘The Woman’s Mission’. 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In essence, Renee Cox is an artist that can pave the wayRead MoreEssay on 19th-Century Medicine in the United Kingdom2333 Words   |  10 Pages19th-Century Medicine in the United Kingdom Professor comments: In this paper, the student synthesizes several sources about nineteenth-century medicine and medical education into a focused and coherent essay that provides information about aspects of this topic especially relevant to understanding Lydgates position in Middlemarch: the differences among physicians, apothecaries, and surgeons, both in terms of training and duties on the one hand, social status on the other; the processes by

Religion in the Modern Age Essay - 993 Words

Religion in the modern age has been seen by some sociologists as being refreshing to the morals of society, while other sociologists feel that religion has for too long placed restrictions and limitations upon those who partake in it. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Both functionalists and Marxists have identified that religion does have the main function of providing guidelines and restrictions to how someone should behave in society., albeit both perspectives have a different outlook on the result of the social restrictions. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Functionalists such as Durkheim seen religion as being a vital part of society’s structure and form. Durkheim and Parsons believed that by laying down a social consciousness of agreed†¦show more content†¦This can be compared to modern day when many armed forces pray to gods for protection when entering battle. Each member of the groups is expected to perform this act and can be seen as a regulation of behaviour and as setting down a code of behaviour through religion. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marxists agree with the functionalist perspective that religion has the main function of laying down a code of behaviour which regulates personal and social life. Though unlike the functionalist perspective they do not believe that religion is mandatory in a society’s structure and that in many cases religion is detrimental to the liberation and security of society. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Marxists believed that religion is used as a way of laying down a code of behaviour that is built with the welfare of the ruling classes in mind, that the code of behaviour that is promoted by many religions is a form of control upon the masses, and indeed lead to Marx referring ‘religion is the opium of the people’. 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The modern era, though, rejects that belief. Today, it is rumored that witches are no longer associated with the Devil, and a witch is anyone at all who performs magic (Bolds 1). The definition of a â€Å"witch† as a whole has transformedRead More Middle Ages Essay712 Words   |  3 PagesMiddle Ages The history of the modern world derives from thousands of years of human history. Embedded in its history are the many eras of man which have constructed our modern learning, art, beliefs, and order. The middle ages, although represented as â€Å"dark†, backwards, and idle, were in fact a bridge linking the classical and modern world. Medieval society may not have been in a sense glorious, but the era of itself was a prime foundation of the modern world’s newfound stability, a revivalRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 Pagestheories placed the beginning era in the early 14th century. The renaissance profoundly affected European Intellectual life through the introduction of different perspectives, ideas, innovations, literature, art, science, religion among many other aspects that continue to shape modern philosophy. By focusing, on ideas presented by Southern, Petrarch, and Burckhardt I will argue that the historical and philosophical movement of the renaissance progressed the writings and concerns of the medieval timesRead MoreTheories On The Existence Of Religion1058 Words   |  5 PagesRemi Gleich Moen 4063 December 15th, 2016 Theories on the Existence of Religion When an idea forms and flourishes into an existing discussion that travels through conversations among acquaintances, that idea progresses and solidifies into the minds of the curious thinkers. These â€Å"thinkers†, or theorists, then mold this idea into a hypothesis for experimentation. Unfortunately, even in modern times, some things are still unable to be experimented and proven correct or incorrect. This leaves usRead MoreThe Early Middle Ages And Early Medieval Period Essay1435 Words   |  6 PagesTaking a humanities course, specifically one with a focus on medieval to modern times can help you learn about what historians call the late antiquity, early middle ages, and the early modern period. These periods were all crucial in the formation of modern government, philosophy, culture as well as many other aspects and qualities of society today. The late antiquity, the early middle ages and the early modern period were all named by historians to mark significant changes in politics, culture

United Kingdom Of The European Union And The Political,...

In the next year the people of the United Kingdom will get a chance to choose their countries’ fate: whether they should leave the European Union. What makes this important is that it would be the first country to leave the European Union in a time when other European countries are either in negotiation or planning to join. It would be a big deal as the United Kingdom is Europe’s third largest economy. As the people are about to vote on their future, there are concerns as what would be the economical, social, and political consequences. While some wonder what would the benefits be if the United Kingdom left. In this discussion I will explore the United Kingdom in the European Union and the political, economical, and social benefits and†¦show more content†¦After the Greek bailout, the people spark protests around Greece, as the British people began to question their countries membership in the Union. The people saw their tax monies going to help other countries instead of propelling their own economy out of. As a result of the people s dissatisfaction, the British government announced that it will hold a referendum to decide if the country leaves the EU or not. Currently the government is deeply divided on the issue. The Labour Party is against the exit, while the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats support a British exit or a Brexit. Even though the two main parties are wrestling control, The United Kingdom Independence Party, or UKIP, has won the sweeping majority of the seats in the European Parliament. As a result of this election the UKIP, according to the Guardian will be the influential party in Britain as they now control the European Parliaments, and since they control the seats, a Brexit will now be impossible to avoid in the European arena (Harris). 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It is also applied to a single country’s political situation given their geographic realities or the environment of the entire continent. The United Kingdom s prospective withdrawal from the European Union is widely known as Brexit. The result of the June 23 referendum in the United Kingdom could lead to the first instanceRead MoreThe Insolvency Of The United Kingdom1251 Words   |  6 PagesEconomic recession is often mirrored by an increase in insolvency predicated transfers in turn creating an increased scrutiny of the surrounding law. The insolvency proceedings in the United Kingdom (UK) are underpinned by the Insolvency Act 1986, together with the amendments via the Enterprise Act 2002. Cessation of trading can occur as a result of Court intervention, a voluntary resolution passed by a general meeting or Company voluntary resolutions arrangements with its creditors. The principleRead MoreBritish Attitude Toward Europe3470 Words   |  14 Pages(Blankson, 2005, pp. 3-8). Studies have also brought the fact into limelight that social roles and social norms play prominent and manipulating role in shaping the attitudes of the society. The is relatively due to the reason that social roles transmit how a person is ought to act and react in an appropriate manner towards a particular situation with reference to the rules and norms set by the society, which is the social norms (Wicker   Wicker, 2010, pp. 3-12). Attitude is a strong component thatRead MoreThe Hanseatic League and the European Union3350 Words   |  14 PagesIntroduction On 25 March 2017, the European Union will celebrate the 60th anniversary of its existence. Nevertheless, the European Council and the presidents of the twenty seven member states are aware that it is not a perfect union. The Hanseatic League is probably the oldest trace of city alliances in Europe that actually started as a merchant’s society in the Middle Ages. 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The fundamental purpose of a constitution is being able to establish the roles and powers of different branches of a state alongside the perspectives and rights of its citizens. The United Kingdom is considered to have a constitution however, unlike the substantial countries like the United States of America and Australia, who currently have a sole codified document. In comparison, to the UK, Israel and New Zealand who are amongst the only three countries in the world that have a distinctiveRead More In What Major Respects Had Europe Changed By 1971 From The Situation I2237 Words   |  9 Pagesshowed, the Vienna Settlement did not last, even though the great European powers were able for a while to take the situation under control with brutal repression. However, it was impossible to stop the liberal revolution, which led to important political events and deep social changes. 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Why Not to Legalize Marijuana Free Essays

string(146) " number of people getting treatment for marijuana each year has increased by roughly 50%, or about 100,000 people† \(Stop the Drug War 2009, p\." Why Not to Legalize Marijuana Marjorie Fleuridor ENG/102 March 10, 2013 Professor Laura Barnes Marijuana is one of the best known drugs that have been widely consumed throughout history which today raises a concerned eyebrow. Those who are advocates consider marijuana a harmless and beneficial substance because of its claimed value in treating symptoms of serious illness or diseases and Jeffrey Miron, a professor of economics at Harvard University in the following viewpoint believes that, â€Å"Legalizing illicit drugs would generate billions in tax revenue† (Forbes, 2012 pp. -1). We will write a custom essay sample on Why Not to Legalize Marijuana or any similar topic only for you Order Now Just as any drug, marijuana may bring some type of relief with its use, but it also poses risk which in the end poses threat to the economy because of its affects to the human body, open doors to addiction, and worse, harms the youth which is not worth the added benefits for the few legitimate users to make acceptable. Marijuana, which is also referred to as pot, weed, cannabis, refer, and Mary Jane to name a few, is the most commonly abused illicit drug in the U. S. s well as around the world which comes from the stems, seeds, leaves, and flowers of the hemp plant, which is also known as cannabis. Most individuals use the plant by either smoking it or mixing it into food because it is an all-natural substance. Registered nurse Mary Lynn Mathre states, â€Å"The cannabis plant (marijuana) has therapeutic benefits and could ease the suffering of millions of persons with various illnesses such as AIDS, cancer, glaucoma, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, seizure disorders, chr onic pain, and other maladies† (Mathre 1997, p. ) and that is one of various reasons advocates on legalizing the plant believe that, the substance relieving and therapeutic benefits should legalize the use of marijuana, but if that were the case, risks that occur from its use would not outweigh the benefits. First, why are the detrimental factors of the substance ignored? If marijuana is legalized worldwide, through its medicinal or recreational use, the human body will experience short as well as long term effects stemming from the consumption of the plant. Marijuana contains a psychoactive chemical which is called tetrahydrcannabinol or THC and as it enters the brain, the marijuana user starts to feel euphoric, or high, but occasionally the drug makes individuals feel anxious, depressed, distrustful or fearful. THC affects the body in various ways by causing short-term effects which include memory loss, trouble with thinking, diminished motor skills, and an increase of the heart rate which is just the minor damage that pose hazard to the body (Goldstein, 2010). Advocates of marijuana has gone as far as pleading that the substance has no real potential harm compared to the use of tobacco, one of the leading causes of cancer. Crystal Phend, a senior staff writer for MedPage Today discusses a study that indicates that a link is present between smoking marijuana and lung cancer where she notes, â€Å"that the study finds that a single marijuana joint may be as carcinogenic as twenty cigarettes† (MedPage Today, 2008 p. ) and the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIH) formulated a chart on the commonly abused drugs in which tobacco which causes greater health risk such as cardiovascular diseases and cancer in various forms, for instance, the lungs, pancreas, and esophagus, but it has yet to be scheduled. Marijuana on the other hand poses less health risk compared to tobacco, but it is labeled as a Scheduled I drug, because for as long as marijuana has been present in the world, the illicit drug has no approved use and the denial from the f ederal law will definitely cause a harsher dent to the economy. The federal ban will keep the marijuana market fragmented† (Berlatsky, 2012 p. 178) which means the small population of potential growers or distributers will continue to fight or compete on the marijuana market, which may limit tax collection resources and just proves why it should not be legalized. .To further, the story of former marijuana user shares how difficult it was to withdraw from marijuana concerning the subject of addiction with its use. Mick, a 62 year-old male started smoking pot back in 1969 because he had bouts of anxiety and at times depression, but has been sober for the past 10 years, up until suffering one of those prolonged periods of anxiety, in which he took a few hits on the pipe of the drug. The couple of use he took of the substance caused his level of anxiety to skyrocket, in which Mick then withdrew himself from the illicit drug. On the sixth day of withdrawal from smoking weed, he shared how his stomach thought terrible, which gave Mick an awful feeling. When he ate, he stated how his stomach became upset, but not to the point of vomiting and it brought on anxious as well as irritable feelings to the point where cries and isolates himself. Mick concluded on how he would never lit up again because of the unfortunate risk it caused him when he attempted to misuse the drug (Online Support Groups for your Health Challenges, 2011). Supporters disagree that the plant could be of such sort compared to other drugs because a person who quits the substance will not undergo the painful physical symptoms and cravings compared to the experience which individuals suffer when they try to stop using heroin, but we as human react differently to various things. The National Institute of Drug Abuse reports that â€Å"about 9% of users develop an addiction to the drug, and that the number rises to 25% to 50% if people use the drug everyday† (NIDA, 2009 p. ). Some users of marijuana may become dependent on marijuana for various matters, and they become fixated on getting the plant, utilizing it in large quantities, and feel uncomfortable without it. If marijuana does not cause addiction, then why do so many victims of its use enter rehab facilities annually? â€Å"Since 1997, the number of people getting treatment for marijuana each year has increased by roughly 50%, or about 100,000 people† (Stop the Drug War 20 09, p. You read "Why Not to Legalize Marijuana" in category "Papers" 1). With such an increase, the economy will continue to suffer because of the cost of treatment for individuals battling little to no result with their marijuana addiction. Last, â€Å"Why young people have the need to use cannabis on a frequent basis is an interesting question and may be associated with their underlying personality characteristics, environment during childhood and adolescence, as well as any psychiatric disturbances they have experienced, such as depression, anxiety or even psychotic symptoms† (Camera et al. , 2012 pp. 1-2). The subject of a child’s environment where the use of the plant comes to play may cause an adolescent to suffer. For example, a parent’s state of mind may be altered when he or she needs to be an active, attentive caregiver when children are in their presence. Neglect may be the result because the symptoms interfered in the parent’s responsibilities and in such cases; social services are involved resulting with the system providing further care and parents in jail or rehab centers in which they would have to prove their stability. A child in this type of situation may isolate themselves from others or lash out because what they know as normal and home has been taken away. This particular child may grow up and head down the same path of smoking pot and with the â€Å"high† feeling which supporters advocate is the effects of the â€Å"medicine†, but marijuana as the introduction, opens the door to the potential use of other drugs, which can be detrimental. An adolescent may try marijuana and enjoy it; after a while, in the same environment that led to that first joint, will become curious or peer pressured into the unfamiliarity of other substances that are more exciting, gives a greater stimulation, or is more illicit, but are unaware of the dangers that lay ahead. Heroin and cocaine are the common â€Å"gateway drugs† from early marijuana use in which both are highly toxic and have led to a number amount of deaths as well. Heroine like marijuana is illegal, highly addictive, true contents is unknown, and also is the most abused. The drug is processed from morphine; a naturally occurring substance removed from the seed pot of a variety of poppy plants and is typically a white or brownish powder. Cocaine is removed from the leaves of a South Africa coca plant, affects the body’s central nervous system and the fact that it is a white crystalline powder; cocaine is often mixed with cornstarch, vitamins, flour, and sugar. In relation to marijuana, the drug creates a strong sense of exhilaration in which users generally feel invisible and happy-go-lucky. Legalization of marijuana may increase the number of users in which† an additional 17 to 34 million young adult users† (US News, 2012 p. 1) which sets a bad example for young adults because with its worldwide acceptance whether it is for medical or recreational use, they will be curious of the feeling and reaction from its use, which will only lead down a road to where the youth will take a toll regarding marijuana use. You see, the youth are most at risk from legalization as well as associated obtainability of recreational drugs. If marijuana were to become more available, acceptable nd inexpensive, the substance will pull in greater numbers of vulnerable youth. †The marketing tactics of drug promoters and the major decline in drug use in the 1990s (due in great part to antidrug, education and awareness campaigns) there is a growing perception among young people today that drugs are harmless. A decade ago, for example, 79% of 12th graders thought regular marijuana use was harmful; only 58% do so today† (Drug Free Foundation, 2004) and pressure from colleagues is such an issue in persuading a peer to test drugs, the way adolescents perceive the dangers of its use is serious. The acceptance of marijuana to where it is provided with the government’s stamp of approval, directs a message to young children that drug use is not only inoffensive, but also normal and this is precisely the opposite message we should be assigning. Teaching children that drug use is dangerous will be even more difficult because advocates declare marijuana as â€Å"medicine,† which just simply opens a window for teens to feel that it is ok to smoke or add into their food however they may choose and through the promotion of the good it brings, this will only open a continual use of the drug and a cost to the economy. Marijuana use accounts for tens of thousands of marijuana related complaints at emergency rooms throughout the United States each year and over 99,000 are young people† (U. S. News 2012, pp. 1-1). The numbers are far too great to promote just the beneficial aspects of marijuana when the potential harmful outcomes cost the economy as far as healthcare costs with the number of young patience that are admitted to the hospital. To conclude, the National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML) declared that responsible adult personal use of marijuana should be legalized, but how can one determine who is responsible to make use of weed? Alcohol and tobacco may stimulate harsher risk factors when consumed, but after more than 40 years of its existence, marijuana remains a Scheduled 1 substance, which is a drug that has a high potential for abuse, have no accepted medical use, and are not safe for use under medical supervision. In the end, the risks of marijuana seem to outweigh the benefits and that is why marijuana should not be legalized. References 42 Years of smoking pot / day 6 of withdrawal. (n. d. ). Online Support Groups for your Health Challenges. Retrieved from http://www. mdjunction. com/forums/marijuana-addiction-discussions/introductions-personal-stories/2665662-42-years-of-smoking-pot-day-6-of-withdrawal Berlatsky, N. (2012). Legalizing Marijuana in California Would Not Generate Substantial Tax Revenue. In Marijuana (p. 178). Farmington Hills, MI: Greenhaven Press. Camera, A. A. , Tomaselli, V. Fleming, J. , Jabbar, G. A. , Trachtenberg, M. , Galves-Buccollini, J. A. (2012). Correlates to the Variable Effects of Cannabis in Young adults: A Preliminary Study. Harm Reduction, 9(15), 1-2. Cohan, P. (2012, September 7). Is it Time to Legalize Illicit Drugs? – Forbes. Information for the World’s Business Leaders – Forbes. com. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from http://www. forbes. com/sites/petercohan/2012/07/09/is-it-time-to-legalize-illicit-drugs/ Drug Free Foundation (2004). Drug Free America Foundation – Medical Marijuana – ProCon. org. Medical Marijuana ProCon. org. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from http://medicalmarijuana. procon. org/view. source. php? sourceID=000810 Drug Free Foundation (2009, October 12). Drug Free America Foundation – Medical Marijuana – ProCon. org. Medical Marijuana ProCon. org. Retrieved March 16, 2013, from http://medicalmarijuana. procon. org/view. source. php? sourceID=000810 Evans, D. G. (2012, October 30). Marijuana Legalization’s Costs Outweigh Its Benefits | Debate Club | US News Opinion. US News World Report | News Rankings | Best Colleges, Best Hospitals, and more. Retrieved March 10, 2012, from http://www. usnews. om/debate-club/should-marijuana-use-be-legalized/marijuana-legalizations-costs-outweigh-its-benefits Goldstein. , M. J. (2010). Legalizing Drugs: Crime Stopper Or Social Risk? (p. 115). Minneapolis, MN: Lerner Pub. Group. Mathre, M. L. (1997). Legal Dilemmas of Cannabis Prohibitation. In Cannabis in medical practice: A legal, historical, and pharmacological overview of the therape utic use of marijuana (p. 1). Jefferson, N. C: McFarland Co. National Institue on Drug Abuse (2009). Is marijuana addictive? | National Institute on Drug Abuse. National Institute on Drug Abuse. Retrieved March 11, 2013, from How to cite Why Not to Legalize Marijuana, Papers

Business Setting Operations in Australia

Question: Describe about the Business Setting Operations in Australia. Answer: 1. Issue Fred works for an English employer which has sent him to Australia with the intention of aiding in the process of setting operations in Australia. During his visit to Australia, his wife comes along with him while his teenage children continue their education in London. The owned house in England is rented and they start living in Australia in a leased apartment with a lease of 12 months. Already, Fred has stayed for 11 months in Australia and now returns to England due to illness concerns. In the wake of the above information, Freds tax residency needs to be ascertained by paying consideration to the relevant statute. Rule and Application There are primarily four tests that have been outlined for checking the tax residency and are discussed below. Domicile Test To pass this test, two conditions are required to be satisfied (Woellner, 2014). An Australian domicile must be possessed In Freds case this is violated as he is a resident of England. Permanent abode located in Australia Since, one condition already fails, this test is failed by Fred. Resides Test Residency is determined based on the cumulative impact of the following factors (Barkoczy, 2014). Amount of duration of stay and underlying purpose Fred has already stayed for 11 months and still professional commitments pending. Also, employment is a significant reasons. Nature of ties and life Life is similar to that Fred lived in England and also wife is present. Besides, life lead in Australia with wife is quite similar to back home in England. Based on the above aspects, it is apparent that the test has been passed. 183 Day Test Following two conditions shall be complied with (Coleman, 2011). Atleast 183 day stay in Australia by the taxpayer Fred satisfies this Intention to set up permanent home in Australia going forward Not true for Fred as he has no such plans and intends to return back once the office is setup. Hence, test failed. Superannuation Test This is only applicable for government employees but Fred is an employee of an English company and hence this test is irrelevant in Freds case (Gilders et.al., 2015). Conclusion As Fred has managed to satisfy one test from the given four, he would be classified as a tax resident of Australia. Case 1 Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd v Harris (Surveyor of Taxes) (1904) 5 TC 159 Facts about the case The shareholders of the Californian Copper Syndicate Ltd Company were issued loan from the bank in regards to buy a mine. The land was located in New Zealand and had rich copper reserves. Company had mentioned that they will mine the copper from the land but eventually they did not commence mining operation on the land. The reason to not start the mine was that they did not have initial working capital to bear the expense occurred in the mining from the land. The ownership of the land was transferred to another mining company in the return of the significant number of shares of that company. The commercial value of the shares was significantly greater than the purchase cost of the mine which directly yielded a huge profit to the original shareholders of the land. Relevant law and Decision It was ruled by the court that the income from the shares would be assessable for taxation according to the section 25(1) of ITAA, 1936. The point behind the purchase of the land was to yield high revenue by conducting the selling operation of mine. Thus, the income received would not be considered as the capital proceeds since, the intent of the shareholders behind land sale was business activity rather than capital realization. Hence, the arguments claimed by the shareholders were rejected by the court and it was ruled that the overall income received from the sale of the land would be subjected to the taxation as per the ruling of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 (Sadiq et. al., 2016). Case 2 Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR Facts about the case From the memorandum of the company, it was observed that coal mine was purchased by the investors of the company to commence coal mining in the 1860s. Effectively and efficiently, company operated the mine and after certain time approximately in 1924, the coal reserves become exhausted for commercial exploitation. The size of the land was 1771 acre, Hence, in order to utilize the empty, unshaped and exhausted land the company concluded to sale it for residential purpose. However, to make it ready for residential purpose, they executed various land development works. A huge profit was produced in this process for the investors from sale. Relevant law and Decision The tax commissioner had ruled that the company which performed the sale of the 1771 acre large sized mine land for residential use would be taxable because the respective investors had accomplished several land development activities in regards to increase the worth of the land. Thus, the revenue would be subjected for the taxation as per the section 25(1) or section 26(a) of ITAA, 1936. The investors/ taxpayers had claimed that they executed land development tasks for the realization of the capital asset. Hence, the transaction receipts would be considered as capital receipts and outside the purview of taxable income (Deutsch et. al., 2016). The court had observed the claims of the taxpayers along with the decision provided by the tax commissioner and finally ruled that the claimed of the taxpayers were correct. This was because the taxpayers had used the land for mining the coal and hence operational work carried for several years till the mining could no longer be feasible. Hence, they were involved in the land realization process only when the already mined land could neither be used for coal mining nor for residential purpose due to its unshaped structures. They performed the essential land development process like plot making, roads, water supply and so on. Hence, all these primary activity performed by the investors would be categorized under the realization of the capital asset and not legally responsible for tax under section 25(1) of tax law (Jade, 2016). Case 3 FC of T v Whitfords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR Facts about the case Land situated on the beach was used for aerating the shacks and net used in the fishing business Taxpayer had performed the sale of the land since he received high price offer from the land trading and development company. Company had taken the ownership of the land and commenced land development. Same was also reflected through requisite changes in the article of association. The land was further sold to prospective land buyers which caused handsome gains for the company. Relevant law and Decision The court had overruled the claimed of the taxpayers and provided the judgment that the taxpayers would be subjected to the provision of the assessable income of the section 25(1) of ITAA, 19936. The authentication of this judgment was the change in the intention on the part of the taxpayers. At the initial stage, the asset realization was carried by the taxpayer by fishing and when he received the offer of the high rate of the land then he sold the land to the land trading companies whose, main work was commercial i.e. land trading and land development. The company made alternation in the article of association with respect to the work conducted by the company. These aspects were enough to predict the focus on the part of the taxpayers to execute the profit yielding business from sale of the land. The assessable nature of the transaction would be accountable for taxation (CCH, 2016a). Case 4 Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070 Facts about the case The taxpayers were exposed to a situation of financial distress. The two trustees (taxpayers) had a deceased land where they executed a cattle business. The cattle business did not result in any significant gains for the trustees and hence had to be closed down. Sale was the most suitable option left to stabilize the looming financial ailments of the family. A large section of the land was sold after undertaking the subdivision on the land. The sale was done by the taxpayers and the gains were consumed against the outstanding financial dues. Relevant law and Decision The appeal made by the taxpayers was accepted by the court because it was related to their activity and the reasons behind the sale of the land. It was claimed that the land was not utilized under the profit scheme related to the business. Hence the gains received from sale of the estate land should not be chargeable as ordinary income. The court had considered the situation of the taxpayers and decided that the sale of the land was listed under the realisation of the asset since they had to sell the land owing to their situation but not their profiteering intent (CCH, 2016b). Case 5 Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135 Facts about the case The taxpayer had received 998 acres of the farm land from his beloved father in regards to commence the traditional farming business. He did not have the funds to start the new occupation because his previous business was failed because of drought. Failure of the business had adverse impact on the health of the taxpayer. He had acquired a high loan from the bank for treatment of his poor health. The interest burden kept on accumulating for the taxpayer. There was no other source of the income left with taxpayer to pay the loan amount hence he concluded to sell a substantial part of the land with the intent of paying his dues. The residual part after sale of the land was used for farming for his living. Relevant law and Decision The Federal Court had opined that the selling of the substantial part of the farm land with respect to pay the interest and the loan amount was not assessable in the accordance of the ordinary income mentioned in the section 25(1) or 25A. The taxpayer had initially tried to resolve the loan problem by doing farming but eventually it could not provide the significant amount to pay the interest or the loan amount. Therefore, he sold the subsequent part of the land and paid the amount to the bank and again involved in his faming business on the remaining farm land. The act of the taxpayer was realisation of the land asset to discharge the loan amount and not the activity of undertakings gains from land sale (CCH, 2016c). Case 6 Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 Facts about the case The central intention of acquiring the land by the company was to conduct two functional activities Extraction of the silica (sand) from the land Selling the extracted sand into market After continuously extracting sand,, the land become unstructured and exhausted and no further extraction was possible. Company sold the land Some essential land development activities were undertaken so as make it suitable for domestic purposes Company earned a sizable income of approximately $370,000 form sale. Relevant law and Decision The verdict of the case was different from the verdicts given in the Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR case, because the Scottish Company had sustained the coal mining operation for years and then sold the land to utilize it for residential intent. However, the verdict of the Moana Sand Pty Ltd v FC of T 88 ATC 4897 case was different since the company purchased the land with the intention of mining but with indulgence in land development activities for the purpose of profit making, the business activity of the company had effectively altered. Therefore, the intention of deriving the maximum returns would be subjected to the isolated concepts of the ordinary income of taxation. The verdict of the FC of T v The Emporium Ltd 87 ATC 4363 case is the testimony of the above judgment (Coleman, 2011). Case 7 Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620 Facts about the case The taxpayer purchased five blocks of land for the purpose of agriculture. After 24 months, the taxpayer decided to sell the land and for executing this decision he made different blocks and systematically started selling the land block. The received income was $ 388,288 from sale of the blocks which continued over a long length of time. Meanwhile, the taxpayer also kept purchasing more land for development through sub plotting and selling. Relevant law and Decision The Federal Court decided that the proceed of $388,288 from sale of the land blocks was ordinary income and assessable under the Income Tax Assessment Tax 1936. The reason behind this ruling was the intent of the taxpayer to profit from selling the land block after carrying out development with no intention of conducting any farming.. The sale of the plots was executed to different buyers, at different time frame which was prime indication of taxpayers intent to increase the value of the block for higher proceeds. These sets of commercial action led to the establishment of a business undertaking and hence the taxpayer was held accountable for taxation (CCH, 2016d). Case 8 McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487 Facts about the case The taxpayers had purchased an old unshaped property at very low cost. They purchased the land so that they could liquidate it in the near future after developing it. The taxpayers also issued a loan from bank so that they could execute some value addition process. In the process of increasing the commercial value of the acquired land, they made three designer houses with the help of loan amount. Various modes of advertisement were also used by the taxpayer to invite the premium buyers to purchase the houses. They had not sold the house because they were not receiving the expecting proceeds. They resided in one house for one year and then the houses were sold with a sizable profit amounting to $151,622. Relevant law and Decision The judgment of the court was based on the various aspects and activity performed by the taxpayers in the duration starting from sale of the land till they received the net profit of $151,622. These facts are (Deutsch et. al., 2016). Objective behind the purchase of land Sale after some time to get high gains Construction of new designer houses on the land Value addition activity to maximize the commercial value Advertisement for sale of the house - To earn higher proceeds/ returns Taking loan for value addition activity - To show that their financial condition was not well. From the above factors, the court reached the verdict that the income from sale of the houses was assessable for taxation under the section 25(1) of ITAA, 1936. It was also stated that the activity of taking loan was to show the poor financial stage, however, they had used the amount in the value addition process in order to extract gains from property sale (CCH, 2016e). References Barkoczy,S 2014,Foundation of Taxation Law 2014,6th eds., CCH Publications, North Ryde CCh 2016a, FC of T v Whit fords Beach Pty Ltd (1982) 150 CLR, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio549860sl16841994/federal-commissioner-of-taxation-v-whitfords-beach-pty-ltd-high-court-of-australia-17-march-1982 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) CCh 2016b, Statham Anor v FC of T 89 ATC 4070, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio544343sl16788832/statham-anor-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-full-court-23-december-1988 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) CCh 2016c, Casimaty v FC of T 97 ATC 5135, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539843sl16716249/casimaty-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-10-december-1997 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) CCb 2016d, Crow v FC of T 88 ATC 4620, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio545564sl16800674/crow-v-federal-commissioner-of-taxation-federal-court-of-australia-17-august-1988 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) CCh 2016e, McCurry Anor v FC of T 98 ATC 4487, Available online from https://www.iknow.cch.com.au/document/atagUio539084sl16707683/mccurry-anor-v-fc-of-t-federal-court-of-australia-15-may-1998 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) Coleman, C 2011, Australian Tax Analysis, 4th eds., Thomson Reuters (Professional) Australia, Sydney Deutsch, R, Freizer, M, Fullerton, I, Hanley, P, Snape, T 2016, Australian tax handbook 9th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Gilders, F, Taylor, J, Walpole, M, Burton, M. Ciro, T 2015, Understanding taxation law 2015, 7th eds., LexisNexis/Butterworths Jade 2016, Scottish Australian Mining Co Ltd v FC of T (1950) 81 CLR 188, Available online from https://jade.io/j/?a=outlineid=64663 (Accessed on September 8, 2016) Sadiq, K, Coleman, C, Hanegbi, R, Jogarajan, S, Krever, R, Obst, W, and Ting, A 2016 ,Principles of Taxation Law 2016, 9th eds., Thomson Reuters, Pymont Woellner, R 2014, Australian taxation law 2014, 8th eds., CCH Australia, North Ryde